Hydrology and climate of the Nile basin offer the scientific basis for water resources development in Sudan and the region. A book describing “A Path Forward for Sharing the Nile Water: Sustainable, Smart, Equitable, Incremental” was published in 2019. A second book about the “Natural Variability of the Nile Floods: From the Pharaoh’s Dream to El Nino/ La Nina” was published last year. The webinar discussed water challenges in Sudan guided by our understanding of the hydrology and climate of the region.